Throughout history, political leaders across various societies, from classical Greece to Victorian England and contemporary Africa, have exhibited traits of imposter syndrome and hubris syndrome. 

These psychological phenomena are well-documented in extant literature, highlighting the complex interplay between self-doubt and excessive self-confidence among political leaders. The ancient Greek statesman Alcibiades, for instance, displayed early signs of imposter syndrome due to his youth and inexperience, which later transformed into blatant hubris, culminating in reckless military ventures such as the Sicilian Expedition. 

Similarly, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown’s tenure was marred by imposter syndrome, manifesting in his reluctance to make decisive policy moves early on, only to shift towards overconfidence as his political career progressed. 

African leaders like Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire exhibited a stark transition from initial self-doubt to oppressive autocracy, drawing alarming parallels to contemporary political landscapes. 

These case studies underscore a recurring pattern where initial self-doubt gradually morphs into an inflated sense of invincibility, thereby exacerbating the risks associated with concentrated power.

Imposter syndrome, characterised by persistent self-doubt and the fear of being exposed as a fraud despite evident success, often shapes a leader’s initial approach. This phenomenon can lead to overly cautious decision-making, as leaders struggle with a lack of self-confidence and fear of making mistakes. 

Research has shown that leaders experiencing imposter syndrome are more likely to rely heavily on advisers and defer critical decisions, potentially hampering swift and effective governance. In some cases, leaders with imposter syndrome may overcompensate by striving for perfection, potentially leading to indecision and missed opportunities. 

This condition was evident in the early days of US President John F. Kennedy, who, despite his charismatic public image, privately battled severe doubts about his capabilities, influencing his initial handling of the Bay of Pigs invasion. The paradox of imposter syndrome is that while it can foster caution and humility, it also lays the groundwork for a psychological pendulum swing towards overcompensation and eventual hubris.

Conversely, hubris syndrome — marked by excessive pride and self-confidence — can lead to increasingly autocratic behaviour as leaders become intoxicated by their own power. Leaders afflicted by hubris syndrome may disregard advice, overestimate their abilities, and engage in risky or unethical behaviour. 

The phenomenon was starkly illustrated in the latter years of French President Charles de Gaulle, whose unwavering belief in his unique destiny led to policies that alienated both allies and the public. This syndrome is particularly dangerous as it can lead to a concentration of power, erosion of checks and balances, and the undermining of democratic institutions.

The unchecked autocracy of Zimbabwe’s Robert Mugabe serves as a poignant example, where initial liberation heroism gave way to oppressive governance marked by economic mismanagement and human rights abuses. The transition from humility to hubris not only jeopardises democratic norms but also poses significant risks to national stability and international relations.

A study by David Owen and Jonathan Davidson, published in Brain: A Journal of Neurology, examined US presidents and UK prime ministers over a century and found that some had experienced hubris syndrome. The research provided empirical evidence suggesting that prolonged exposure to power without sufficient constraints heightens the risk of developing hubris syndrome, which can lead to disastrous policy decisions. 

Owen and Davidson’s work highlights the critical need for psychological evaluations in leadership assessments and recommends the implementation of mechanisms to counteract the harmful effects of unchecked power. These findings align with modern political analyses, which advocate for robust institutional checks and regular psychological evaluations to protect against the perils of hubris.

African political scientist Jimmy Spire Ssentongo discusses the prevalence of unacknowledged psychological disorders, noting that mental health is often neglected until individuals display severe symptoms. Ssentongo observes that societal stigma prevents many from seeking psychiatric help, leading to widespread denial and anosognosia—where individuals cannot recognise their illness. 

He articulates the challenge of persuading those who believe they are healthy to accept psychiatric treatment. While some deontological ethicists argue that patients should have the autonomy to choose their treatment, Ssentongo emphasises the ethical dilemma when a refusal of treatment endangers others. 

He advocates for compulsory and regular psychiatric evaluations for individuals in significant public offices to ensure the safety and well-being of the public. Explanations of the hubris personality disorder indicate that it could be worse in some African contexts.

According to Owen and Davidson, hubris syndrome is a disorder of the possession of power, particularly power which has been associated with ‘overwhelming success,’ held for a period of years and with minimal constraint on the leader. The African political landscape, often characterised by weak institutions and prolonged tenures, provides fertile ground for the manifestation of this syndrome.

Historical instances, such as the prolonged rule of Uganda’s Idi Amin, illustrate how minimal constraints on leadership can exacerbate autocratic tendencies and lead to widespread human rights abuses. Because it tends to emerge in proportion to a leader’s time in minimally constrained power, the syndrome stands as one of the strong arguments against longevity in power as plausibly argued by Professor Ssentongo. 

Empirical studies have shown that countries with term limits and strong democratic institutions are less susceptible to the detrimental effects of hubris, reinforcing the need for constitutional safeguards.

In examining President Adama Barrow’s public statements, policies, and decision-making, one can see the archetype of a person suffering from both syndromes. President Barrow’s political journey vividly illustrates this transition—from a man tormented by self-doubt to one now besieged by delusions of grandeur. 

Barrow’s rise to power began under the cloud of imposter syndrome. With nothing but an O-level certificate and a past as a security guard, Barrow was thrust into the Gambian presidency—a role that demanded a nuanced understanding of statecraft, diplomacy, and governance. His lack of experience in the public sector and unfamiliarity with the intricacies of political leadership were glaring. Barrow’s early days were marked by palpable uncertainty, a man grappling with the weight of a position he was ill-prepared to handle.

This trajectory mirrors that of many leaders who, thrust into roles of immense responsibility, initially exhibit signs of self-doubt, only to overcompensate as they grow more accustomed to their positions of power.

Over time, Barrow’s initial insecurities morphed into hubris. His recent incendiary remarks about Lawyer Ousainou Darboe, the leader of the United Democratic Party (UDP), signal a dangerous shift. Barrow’s vow to remain in power until Darboe’s death is not merely a display of arrogance but a declaration of autocratic intent, revealing his transformation from a hesitant leader to a would-be dictator.

This transition mirrors the psychological journey of many leaders who, after gaining a foothold in power, begin to see themselves as indispensable and infallible. Barrow’s rhetoric and behaviour suggest a growing detachment from democratic norms and an increasing willingness to employ authoritarian tactics to maintain his position. 

This shift is emblematic of the classic progression from imposter syndrome to hubris syndrome, where the initial self-doubt gives way to dangerous overconfidence. The implications of such a transformation are profound, threatening the very fabric of democratic governance and the rule of law.

Analysis and Interpretation

Anyone with a background in law enforcement or law would agree that Barrow’s recent outlandish statements dangerously teeter on the edge of incitement and reveal a leader attempting to wear the heavy crown of a tyrant.

Behavioural psychologists would diagnose Barrow as suffering from both imposter syndrome and hubris syndrome.

Gambians face the unfortunate reality of having such a leader. Barrow’s continued rule will likely spell gloom and doom for the country. His dangerous blend of psychological afflictions undermines the stability and democratic integrity of The Gambia. His recent comments not only reflect his increasing detachment from democratic norms but also pose a serious risk to national security and public trust.

Incitement and Intimidation

Such utterances can be construed as incitement to violence and intimidation against a political adversary. They foster an environment of fear, jeopardising the safety and well-being of Darboe and his supporters. The police ought to charge Barrow for incitement to violence or any comparable offence. If former U.S. President Donald Trump can face 58 counts in various courts, including incitement and conspiracy, there is no justification for Barrow to evade accountability. 

In the United States, even the leader of the most powerful nation has faced prosecution and impeachment for similar offences. Barrow must be subject to the same scrutiny to uphold democratic principles and maintain stability. His rhetoric risks inciting violence and unrest, necessitating immediate and decisive action to preserve order.

Abuse of Power

Barrow’s comments regarding land allocation expose potential abuse of power and the misappropriation of state resources for personal retribution. His boast about controlling land grants highlights a flagrant disregard for legal and administrative procedures. 

This behaviour undermines the integrity of governance and the equitable administration of justice. Such abuse of authority for personal gain compromises the fairness of land distribution and could lead to widespread corruption. 

The misuse of state resources for political purposes sets a dangerous precedent and jeopardises public trust in government institutions. Addressing these issues is crucial to maintaining the rule of law and ensuring fair governance.

Violation of Constitutional Duties

A leader’s foremost duty is to uphold the constitution and serve the nation impartially. Barrow’s statements reveal a gross dereliction of these duties, suggesting a shift from public service to personal vendetta. His failure to adhere to constitutional principles undermines the integrity of the presidency and compromises public trust. 

This dereliction demands a thorough examination of Barrow’s adherence to the oath of office and his commitment to democratic values. The erosion of constitutional norms under his leadership threatens the stability of the nation and necessitates urgent corrective measures. Upholding constitutional duties is essential for preserving democratic governance and ensuring accountability.

Public Trust and Stability

Remarks of this nature erode public trust in the presidency and can destabilise the nation. Leaders are expected to exemplify decorum and respect for the rule of law. Barrow’s statements fall woefully short of these standards, highlighting the need for retraction, a formal apology, and a comprehensive investigation into potential misuse of power. 

The erosion of public confidence in governance is a grave concern that must be addressed with diligence to restore faith in the democratic process. Ensuring that leaders are held accountable for their actions is crucial for maintaining stability and public trust. The integrity of Gambia’s democracy relies on a firm commitment to justice and adherence to democratic principles. A united effort from all sectors of society is essential to uphold the rule of law and safeguard the future of democratic governance.

Comparative Studies: Jawara, Jammeh, and Barrow 

Sir Dawda Jawara: The Steady Statesman 

Sir Dawda Jawara, The Gambia’s founding father, exemplified balanced and steady leadership. He was well-educated, with a background in veterinary medicine from the University of Glasgow. He was a civil servant who rose through the ranks to become the most renowned veterinarian in The Gambia before ascending to politics.

Jawara first served as Prime Minister and then President. His tenure was characterised by a cautious, consensus-driven approach, often criticised for indecisiveness and slow-paced reforms.

Jawara’s self-doubt and cautious nature resembled a mild form of imposter syndrome, wherein his fear of failure led to overly conservative policies. Nevertheless, his humility and willingness to heed advisers maintained democratic norms and ensured a period of peace and stability. 

Despite this, Jawara’s extended stay in power eventually led to complacency and corruption, which hampered the country’s development and contributed to his government’s overthrow in 1994. This extended tenure, coupled with an inability to address the country’s developmental needs, ultimately resulted in a military coup that ended his rule.

Yahya Jammeh: The Complex Figure  

Yahya Jammeh, despite having only a high school diploma, was well-versed in geopolitics and governance. He was widely read, assertive, outspoken, brave, and intelligent. His teachers, including the late Willie Carr and some of his classmates at Gambia High School, confirmed that he was a high-achieving student. 

Jammeh was an introvert with an authoritarian nature. Childhood contemporaries like Essa Bokar Sey have described him as reserved and barely interactive with others. Jammeh had significant experience in the public service, starting in the Gendarmerie and later joining the army after the amalgamation of the forces. He rose through the ranks to become a sergeant and then crossed to the officer side, commissioned as a 2LT in the Gambia Army. 

He eventually commanded the Presidential Guard, gaining significant influence in the military. Jammeh’s understanding of the presidency’s significance and his strong sense of conviction gave him the potential to be a great Pan-African leader. However, like many leaders in historical and contemporary studies, Jammeh became severely power-obsessed, exhibiting traits of hubris syndrome as defined by Owen and Davidson (2009). His rule, marked by gross human rights violations, severely undermined his achievements. 

Adama Barrow: The Accidental Leader

Adama Barrow’s ascension to power was initially viewed as a promising transition to democracy following Jammeh’s rule. His arrival was welcomed with open arms due to his outsider status; he was not a typical politician and was relatively unknown except to a few UDP stalwarts. 

Before becoming president, he had never worked in the public or private sector, except for a brief stint as a security guard. His highest education was an O-level certificate from a third-rate school —Muslim High School. 

Despite his unsuitability for the role, many Gambians were willing to give him a chance, maintaining a fairly decent public rating. During his first two years in office, Barrow appeared calm and dignified.

However, as he became more accustomed to the trappings of power, a noticeable shift occurred. His refusal to honour the three-year term agreement made by the coalition government signalled the beginning of his transition towards autocracy. 

This unwillingness to relinquish power, despite prior commitments, revealed a growing arrogance and a readiness to undermine democratic principles for personal gain. Such behaviour is reminiscent of other leaders who have overstayed their mandates under the guise of national stability. 

In Uganda, President Yoweri Museveni has extended his rule for decades, often justifying his continued presidency as necessary for national security and development.

The comparative analysis of Jawara, Jammeh, and Barrow underscores the complexities of political leadership and the psychological syndromes influencing governance. Jawara’s mild imposter syndrome facilitated a balanced, if overly cautious, leadership. Jammeh’s initial promise was ultimately overshadowed by severe hubris syndrome, leading to tyranny. Barrow’s profound incompetence and inappropriate behaviour mark a significant low point in Gambian leadership. 

Understanding these psychological dimensions is crucial for assessing current and future leaders, ensuring The Gambia remains on a path toward stable and democratic governance.

Barrow’s Deviation from Administrative and Governance Best Practices 

In stark contrast to previous Gambian leaders like Sir Dawda Jawara and Yahya Jammeh, who surrounded themselves with competent technocrats, President Adama Barrow has notably deviated from administrative and governance best practices by appointing advisers and cabinet members with limited educational backgrounds and questionable qualifications. 

This trend of favouring loyalty over expertise has resulted in a government leadership that lacks the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate the complexities of modern governance.

Dembo Bojang (Alias “By Force”)  

Dembo Bojang, an elderly figure approaching his eighties, is one of Barrow’s key political advisers. Bojang has no formal education and is more akin to a traditional leader than a policy adviser. Despite his long-standing political involvement, his lack of formal education raises concerns about his ability to provide sound policy guidance in an increasingly complex global society. His position as a political policy adviser under Barrow highlights a significant misstep in prioritising traditional loyalty over the necessity for knowledgeable counsel. 

In today’s interconnected and rapidly changing world, it is imperative for leaders to be supported by advisers who can offer informed perspectives on issues such as international relations, economic policy, and technological innovation. The reliance on figures like Bojang, who lack the requisite expertise, underscores a worrying trend in Barrow’s administration.

Henry Gomez ( Hustler) 

Henry Gomez, serving as Barrow’s youth adviser, also exemplifies this problematic pattern. Without education beyond high school and a background as an immigrant working low-wage jobs in Germany, Gomez lacks experience in public sector institutions. His appointment raises questions about his qualifications to advise on youth policy, a critical area that demands understanding of contemporary issues faced by young people. 

The choice of Gomez reflects a broader issue within the administration: the preference for personal loyalty over relevant experience and educational qualifications. In a country where a significant portion of the population is young, it is crucial to have advisers who are not only empathetic but also knowledgeable about educational systems, employment opportunities, and youth engagement strategies. 

The administration’s failure to tap into young, educated talent from institutions like the University of The Gambia only exacerbates the challenges faced by the youth in navigating a rapidly evolving job market.

Fabakary Tombong Jatta: Speaker of Parliament   

Fabakary Tombong Jatta, the Speaker of the Gambian Parliament, is another key adviser in President Barrow’s administration. Jatta’s educational background is limited to a high school diploma and a teaching certificate from Gambia College. He briefly worked as a school teacher before entering politics. 

Jatta’s unsuitability for his current role is not only due to his limited educational background but also his controversial past. As a prominent figure in the Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC), he played a significant role in the administration of former President Yahya Jammeh. 

Jatta served as the party’s secretary and held various key positions, including as a member of the National Assembly, where he consistently supported the dictatorial regime’s oppressive policies. Even after Jammeh was defeated in the 2016 elections, Jatta, alongside Seedy Njie, infamously insisted that Jammeh should not step down and advocated for the annulment of the election results to allow Jammeh to remain in power. 

Despite Jatta’s compromised history, Barrow appointed him to the high office of Speaker, a decision that reflects poorly on Barrow’s judgment and ethical considerations.

The role of the Speaker is crucial in a democratic society. As the third highest-ranking official after the President and Vice President, the Speaker is responsible for ensuring that parliamentary proceedings are conducted fairly and that all legislative processes adhere to democratic principles. 

The Speaker’s position requires a person of integrity, impartiality, and a deep understanding of democratic governance. They are tasked with maintaining order during debates, ensuring that all voices are heard, and safeguarding the legislative process from abuse. The Speaker also plays a pivotal role in upholding the constitution and protecting the rights of minority parties within the legislature. 

Given these responsibilities, appointing a person with a history of supporting dictatorial regimes and questionable ethical standards, like Jatta, undermines the integrity of the democratic process and poses a significant threat to the principles of good governance.

Seedy Njie:  Deputy Speaker of Parliament  

Seedy Njie, another key figure in Barrow’s circle, serves as the Deputy Speaker of the Gambian Parliament and is one of the President’s most trusted advisers. His educational attainment extends only to grade 12 from Nusrat Senior Secondary School. Despite this, he has held significant positions under both Jammeh and Barrow, including a stint as Information Minister during the final days of the APRC regime. 

Njie’s elevation to Deputy Speaker, despite his limited educational background, highlights the troubling trend of appointing individuals based on political loyalty rather than merit. His continued influence in Barrow’s administration illustrates a broader issue of governance where critical roles are filled by individuals without adequate qualifications. 

This practice undermines the effectiveness of the government’s policymaking and administrative processes, as it places critical decisions in the hands of those who may not fully grasp the complexities of their portfolios.

Momodou Sabally: Special Presidential Adviser 

Momodou Sabally, who serves as a Special Presidential Adviser, is a particularly controversial figure in President Barrow’s administration. Despite holding formal university degrees, Sabally’s past is marred by serious allegations. He was implicated in a commission of inquiry that found him involved in corruption and financial misconduct. 

As a result, the same Barrow government that now employs him had previously banned Sabally from holding any public office indefinitely. The decision to appoint Sabally despite these serious allegations and legal restrictions raises significant concerns about Barrow’s judgment and governance practices.

Sabally’s appointment suggests a troubling lack of political stability and moral integrity within Barrow’s administration. It underscores a willingness to overlook past misconduct and legal findings, which undermines public confidence in the government’s commitment to transparency and accountability. 

This decision not only calls into question Barrow’s political acumen but also his ethical standards, as it appears to prioritise political expediency over good governance and public trust.

Members of Barrow’s Cabinet

Bakary Badjie: Minister of Youth and Sports

Bakary Badjie, the Minister of Youth and Sports, has been one of the most ineffective, corrupt, and dishonest ministers in the Barrow cabinet. He has been linked to numerous corruption scandals, including allegations of pocketing per diems and misappropriating funds. 

Under his watch, the ministry has failed to achieve any significant milestones or improvements in youth and sports development. Despite being brought in by the coalition government as a supposed reformer, Badjie has proven to be a typical example of a failed policymaker. His tenure has been marked by a lack of vision and initiative, leading to widespread disappointment among the youth, who feel increasingly neglected and disenfranchised.

Ebrima Sillah: Minister of Transport, Works, and Infrastructure

Ebrima Sillah, formerly the Minister of Information and now serving as the Minister of Transport, Works, and Infrastructure, possesses only a high school diploma from Nusrat High School. Despite this, Sillah’s career trajectory proves that formal education is not the sole determinant of competence. 

A former journalist, Sillah rose through the ranks to become the news editor of Citizen FM Radio and the New Citizen newspaper, media outlets owned by the late Baboucarr Gaye. He distinguished himself by producing and editing the highly popular “Ten O’Clock News” and other programmes, making these platforms the flagship of Gambian journalism during a time of widespread self-censorship. 

Sillah was also the BBC Correspondent in The Gambia for many years until his self-imposed exile. Since joining the coalition government in 2016, Sillah has demonstrated competence and integrity, consistently avoiding corrupt practices and irresponsible remarks. He stands as an example of a public officer committed to ethical governance and media freedom.

Demba Sabally: Minister of Agriculture

Demba Sabally, the Minister of Agriculture, claims to have obtained a doctoral degree from the American International University. Despite his impressive academic credentials, Sabally has proven to be the epitome of incompetence. His tenure has been characterised by a lack of tangible achievements, with the agricultural sector languishing under his leadership. 

Farmers today are more neglected than ever, with no significant initiatives to improve food security or support agricultural development. In contrast to previous regimes, where ambitious projects like Tesito under Jawara aimed to increase national food self-sufficiency and Jammeh’s initiatives promoted local agricultural production, Sabally’s administration has been lacklustre. 

Rather than being a technocrat with a clear vision for agricultural progress, Sabally has shown himself to be more of a politician, focused on rallying political support for his boss rather than implementing effective policies. His lack of innovative ideas and practical solutions has left the agricultural sector stagnant, with no meaningful progress to show for his tenure.

Serign Modou Njie: Minister of Defence 

Serign Modou Njie, the Minister of Defence, is another key figure in President Barrow’s administration, carrying with him a controversial past. A senior officer in The Gambia Armed Forces, Njie served in various capacities under the former dictator Yahya Jammeh’s regime, including as the Deputy Head of Mission at the Gambian High Commission in New Delhi, India. 

Despite being a well-decorated and highly respected officer, his appointment as Minister of Defence is contentious due to his close association with the previous dictatorship. This decision to pass over more competent and untainted Gambians in favour of a former loyalist of the dictatorship marks a significant lapse in judgment. 

It suggests that Barrow’s administration prioritises political expediency over the establishment of a truly unity government. Such choices undermine public trust and raise concerns about the administration’s commitment to democratic principles and inclusivity in governance. Additionally, it casts doubt on the administration’s ability to provide an unbiased and forward-thinking defence policy that aligns with the nation’s democratic aspirations.

Abdoulie Jobe:  Minister Tourism and Culture

Abdoulie Jobe currently serving as the Minister of Tourism and Culture, has a controversial history. Previously, he was a prominent figure in Yahya Jammeh’s regime, holding the position of Minister of Petroleum and Energy. During his tenure, he was fired and prosecuted for abuse of office and corruption. In March 2024, President Adama Barrow appointed Jobe to the Ministry of Tourism and Culture as part of a cabinet reshuffle. 

This appointment has raised important questions about the vetting process and the criteria used to select individuals for key government positions. Given Jobe’s questionable background, his appointment reflects broader issues within the administration, such as the prioritisation of political loyalty over integrity, the lack of stringent checks on past misconduct, and the implications for public trust and governance standards.

Musa S. Drammeh: Minister of Fisheries and Water Resources

Hon. Musa S. Drammeh, the Minister of Fisheries and Water Resources, plays a crucial role in managing The Gambia’s aquatic resources and water supply. His responsibilities encompass overseeing the sustainable development and regulation of the fishing industry, ensuring the conservation of marine ecosystems, and managing the country’s water resources to meet the needs of its population.

However, his effectiveness will be measured by his ability to address overfishing, illegal practices, and environmental degradation. His success is crucial for public health and economic development, but his leadership remains under scrutiny.

Dr Mamadou Tangara: Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Gambians Abroad 

Dr. Mamadou Tangara, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation, and Gambians Abroad, was a close associate of the former dictator Yahya Jammeh. He was reappointed to this ministerial position in 2018, having previously held the role from 2010 to 2012. Despite his extensive academic background and professional experience, his reappointment by two successive administrations is widely perceived as a result of political patronage. 

Tangara demonstrates a keen understanding of the political dynamics and personal inclinations of the presidents he serves.

However, under his leadership, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has been plagued by numerous scandals and inefficiencies. The ministry has often operated like a halfway house, marred by mismanagement and controversies. This environment has led to questions regarding his effectiveness and the integrity of the ministry. 

His tenure has been characterised more by public relations disasters than by significant diplomatic achievements.His reputation, it seems, is built more upon the art of political survival than upon any substantive accomplishments in governance, leaving one to ponder whether his legacy will be defined by the machinations of political intrigue rather than the merits of effective leadership.

Hon. Abdoulie Sanyang: Minister of Interior

Abdoulie Sanyang’s appointment as Minister of Interior in March 2024 follows a distinguished career in law enforcement, including roles such as Deputy Inspector General and UN peacekeeping assignments. However, his connections to the Jammeh regime and recent policy decisions within the police force have raised concerns about his competence. 

Allegations of biased promotions, such as favouring politically connected individuals, further question his ability to maintain integrity within the force. The effectiveness of his policies and leadership will be crucial in determining the ministry’s impact on national security and public trust. His tenure is being watched closely for signs of reform or further mismanagement.

Dr. Ahmadou Lamin Samateh: Minister of Health

Dr. Ahmadou Lamin Samateh, the Minister of Health, has been mired in several controversies and accusations of corruption. Under his leadership, the Ministry of Health has faced numerous scandals, notably regarding the mismanagement of COVID-19 funds. 

Dr. Ahmadou Lamin Samateh, the Minister of Health, has been embroiled in numerous controversies and allegations of corruption. Under his stewardship, the Ministry of Health has been plagued by a series of scandals, particularly concerning the mismanagement of COVID-19 funds. Throughout the pandemic, transparency and proper allocation of these critical funds became significant issues, leaving many to wonder if they were intended to fight the pandemic or simply to vanish like a magician’s coin.

The Ministry of Health under his leadership could be considered a case study in how to transform a healthcare system into a series of unfortunate events. Persistent issues such as dilapidated healthcare facilities, a dire shortage of essential medical supplies, and subpar healthcare services have become the norm. 

Dr. Samateh’s attempts to address these issues seem more like a series of half-hearted gestures rather than effective solutions, leading to a healthcare system that is arguably in a worse state than before.

Haddy Jatou Sey: Minister of Basic and Secondary Education

Hon. Haddy Jatou Sey was recently relieved of her duties as the Minister of Basic and Secondary Education. She was appointed to this position but held dual citizenship with the United States, which violated Section 71 of the 1997 Gambian Constitution. This section prohibits individuals holding citizenship or nationality of any country other than The Gambia from being appointed or holding the office of a Secretary of State (Minister). 

Her resignation, reportedly for personal reasons, came after it was discovered she did not meet this legal requirement, raising concerns about the due diligence of the administration during appointments.

Sey’s tenure was marred by this controversy, highlighting the broader issues within President Barrow’s administration regarding the vetting and legal compliance of cabinet members. 

The incident underscores a lack of proper policy direction and raises questions about the competence of the Attorney General and Minister of Justice, whose responsibility is to advise the President on legal matters​. 

Hon. Ousman A. Bah: Minister of Communications and Digital Economy

Hon. Ousman A. Bah has faced significant controversy during his tenure as Minister of Communications and Digital Economy, including being dismissed for holding dual citizenship. His involvement in conflicts of interest, particularly concerning a private company bidding on government contracts, has raised serious concerns about his ethical standards. These issues have severely undermined the credibility of his office and questioned the administration’s commitment to transparency. 

Under Bah’s leadership, the sector has struggled with governance and integrity issues. The broader implications of his actions indicate systemic problems within the government’s approach to managing conflicts of interest and upholding ethical standards.

Professor Pierre Gomez

Professor Pierre Gomez, the Minister of Higher Education, Research, Science, and Technology, is recognised as a true technocrat who emphasises policy over politics. He focuses solely on advancing his sector and leaves political matters to elected officials. 

His approach underscores the importance of maintaining a clear separation between civil service and political involvement. It is hoped that other senior civil servants will adopt a similar stance, reinforcing that while individuals have the right to political affiliations, there must be a clear boundary to ensure civil servants remain insulated from political influence. Gomez’s role is a model of effective, impartial governance and dedication to improving higher education.

Hon. Dawda A. Jallow:

Hon. Dawda A. Jallow, serving as the Attorney General and Minister of Justice, is frequently regarded as one of the least competent individuals to hold this office in The Gambia’s history. 

Despite holding an LLB from the University of The Gambia, and an LLM in International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law from the University of Essex, obtained in 2014, his legal expertise is often questioned. 

Jallow, who was called to The Gambia Bar in January 2013, has displayed a lack of effective legislative acumen, with numerous bills he has sponsored or tabled in Parliament being criticised for their poor design and execution.

In terms of legal proficiency, Jallow’s contributions resemble a series of missteps rather than insightful legal reforms. His approach to legal matters has earned him a reputation as a bewildered student fumbling through a final exam—full of earnest intent but lacking the necessary grasp of the subject. His tenure highlights a troubling disconnect between his educational credentials and practical legal effectiveness, suggesting that merit was not a key factor in his appointment.

Seedy KM Keita: Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs

Seedy KM Keita, the Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs, has played a significant role in shaping The Gambia’s economic landscape. His tenure has included notable achievements, such as efforts to enhance revenue collection and secure international financial support.

Keita’s experience in finance has been valuable in managing the country’s economic policies and planning.

However, his term has also been marked by challenges. There have been criticisms regarding the transparency and effectiveness of his management of public finances. 

Issues such as budget mismanagement and delays in implementing economic reforms have raised concerns. Despite his efforts, progress in addressing systemic economic issues, including public debt and economic inefficiencies, has been slower than anticipated, leading to skepticism about the overall impact of his policies.

Nevertheless, Keita’s role as a technocrat rather than a politician is seen as a positive aspect. His commitment to political neutrality and focus on technical expertise rather than political maneuvering is promising. This approach could potentially contribute to more effective and unbiased economic management, which may benefit The Gambia’s long-term economic stability and development.

Fatou Kinteh: Minister of Gender, Children, and Social Welfare 

Hon. Fatou Kinteh, the Minister of Gender, Children, and Social Welfare, is a distinguished Gender and Programme Specialist with over 30 years of experience. She holds a B.A. in Sociology and History from the University of Sierra Leone and an MSc in Economics, Population Policies, and Programmes from the University of Wales, Cardiff.

Kinteh’s career includes significant roles such as Assistant Programme Officer at the Gambia Family Planning Association, Deputy Executive Director at the Women’s Bureau, and National Expert at UNDP/ILO’s Fight Against Social and Economic Exclusion Project. 

She has also served as Programme Officer for the European Union and National Coordinator for projects funded by the African Development Bank.

Kinteh’s successful management of gender and development programs, including the UNDP-funded Fight Against Social and Economic Exclusion project, underscores her effectiveness. Her leadership in the UNFPA’s Gender programme and chairing the UN Thematic Group on Gender further demonstrates her expertise. 

Just like Professor Pierre Gomez, Kinteh is a true scholar and technocrat, possessing the skills and knowledge needed to drive meaningful change in gender equality and social welfare. Her extensive experience and academic background equip her to tackle the challenges in her portfolio effectively.

Baboucarr O. Joof: Minister of Trade, Industry, Regional Integration, and Employment

Baboucarr O. Joof, the Minister of Trade, Industry, Regional Integration, and Employment, has a broad background in economic development and trade. His career has involved working on various projects and initiatives aimed at improving trade policies, industrial growth, and regional integration within The Gambia.

Joof has played a key role in shaping economic policies and fostering regional cooperation. His work includes efforts to enhance the country’s trade relations and industrial capabilities, which are crucial for economic development. As a technocrat, Joof’s approach to policy-making is focused on evidence-based strategies and practical solutions.

Despite these contributions, Joof’s tenure has faced challenges. Criticisms have emerged regarding the effectiveness of his strategies in addressing key issues such as employment creation and regional integration. There have been concerns about the slow pace of industrial development and the need for more impactful trade policies.

Overall, Joof’s role is pivotal in driving economic progress and regional cooperation, and his expertise in trade and industry remains a valuable asset in shaping The Gambia’s economic future.

Hon. Rohey John Manjang: Minister of Environment, Climate Change, and Natural Resources

Hon. Rohey John Manjang, as Minister of Environment, Climate Change, and Natural Resources, has made significant contributions to environmental management and climate action in The Gambia. 

Her tenure is marked by her effective leadership in advancing policies aimed at protecting the nation’s natural resources and promoting environmental sustainability. Under her guidance, important initiatives have been launched to address deforestation, enhance waste management practices, and foster conservation efforts.

Manjang has also been a key figure in climate change mitigation, advocating for the adoption of renewable energy projects and supporting strategies to adapt to climate impacts. Her proactive approach in this area is essential for mitigating the effects of climate change on the country’s environment.

Additionally, she has successfully engaged with international organisations to secure funding and technical support for various environmental and climate projects. Her efforts in forming global partnerships have enabled The Gambia to benefit from climate finance and participate in international environmental initiatives.

Public awareness and education have been central to Manjang’s work, as she has led campaigns to increase understanding of environmental issues and climate change among citizens. Her outreach efforts aim to empower communities to take part in conservation and climate action.

Furthermore, Manjang’s commitment to integrating environmental considerations into national development plans underscores her dedication to sustainable development. Her focus on balancing economic growth with environmental protection ensures that natural resources are managed responsibly for the benefit of future generations.

Hon. Baboucarr Bouy: Minister of Public Service

Hon. Baboucarr Bouy serves as the Minister of Public Service in The Gambia, where he oversees the country’s civil service and public administration. His role involves ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of public sector operations and implementing policies designed to improve government services.

Bouy boasts a strong academic background, including degrees in Public Administration and Public Management from respected institutions. 

This education has provided him with a robust foundation in public sector management, policy development, and organizational leadership.

Before his ministerial appointment, Bouy had a notable career in public administration, holding senior positions within the Gambian civil service. 

His roles included responsibilities in human resources management and public sector reform, which have significantly contributed to his current role. He is focused on enhancing the performance and integrity of the public service.

Bouy has engaged in various initiatives aimed at modernising public sector practices, promoting good governance, and increasing transparency in government operations. 

His leadership efforts are directed towards implementing reforms that improve service delivery and administrative efficiency. However, despite these efforts, his tenure has been marked by limited progress in transforming the public sector into a more effective and efficient bureaucracy. Corruption within the public sector remains pronounced, and tangible results in addressing systemic issues and achieving meaningful reform have been scarce.

Hon. Nani Juwara : Minister of Petroleum and Energy

Hon. Nani Juwara is the Minister of Petroleum and Energy in The Gambia, having been appointed to this position in March 2024. Prior to his ministerial role, Juwara had a long career with the National Water and Electricity Company (NAWEC), where he rose to the position of Managing Director. His tenure at NAWEC was marked by operational challenges, and the company’s performance reportedly worsened under his leadership.

Juwara is also recognized as one of the remnants of the former Jammeh regime, which has led to concerns about his influence and effectiveness. His appointment as Minister is viewed by many as a result of political patronage rather than merit-based selection.

Consequently, there has been little to no noticeable improvement in the energy sector since he assumed office.

Barrow’s choice of advisors and cabinet members, many of whom have no education beyond high school, represents a significant deviation from best practices in governance. 

The lack of educational qualifications and professional experience among his key advisers raises serious concerns about the administration’s ability to effectively govern and respond to the needs of the Gambian people. To ensure competent and informed decision-making, it is crucial for Barrow to diversify his team by including young graduates from the University of The Gambia and other qualified professionals. 

By doing so, the administration can better navigate the complexities of modern governance and develop policies that are informed, effective, and responsive to the needs of the nation.

Concluding Thoughts

Barrow is our Barrow — like a member of an unruly village choir, harmonising with our triumphs and faltering in our failures. Like the tale of two cities, as described by Charles Dickens in A Tale of Two Cities, his presidency represents the best of times and the worst of times. 

He was our Moses, as Lawyer Ousainou Darboe once called him, guiding us out of the wilderness of dictatorship. Now, he is our Pharaoh, as the same Lawyer Darboe called him, seemingly intent on leading us back into the bondage from which we were freed. It’s the ultimate irony—our liberator teetering on the brink of becoming our captor.

A Nigerian friend once quipped, “The Gambia’s a very dangerous country; the same people who praise you today will be the same ones to pillory you tomorrow.” Loyalty here changes like the British weather — unpredictable and often stormy. It’s like a village fete where the same crowd that cheered yesterday will boo today, depending on the flavour of the gossip.

It’s like a rewind of an old movie; we’ve seen it all before. In Gambian politics, as illustrated by the tales of Jawara, Jammeh, and now Barrow, we see a carousel of changing faces: friends transform into foes, and adversaries morph into allies.

 This capriciousness is a hallmark of our political landscape, where today’s heroes are tomorrow’s villains, and vice versa. It is a tragic comedy where no role is fixed, and the script is constantly rewritten.

While many people may vehemently disagree with, dislike, and disapprove of many of Barrow’s public policies, statements, and actions, he is still the president. 

In geopolitics, every sovereign nation’s leader is regarded with a level of respect and formality. Furthermore, as the Mandinka proverb goes, if you call your son a king, you must be the first to pay the tax. 

Barrow’s tenure, with all its complexities and contradictions, is a reflection of our collective journey as a nation. We must be ready to face our fate, just like actors in a satire where the script mocks our pretensions and delusions.

In the process of trying to reform or replace Barrow and his under qualified advisers and compromised ministers, we cannot afford to throw out the baby with the bathwater. 

We must maintain cool heads, rationality, and logical reasoning to avoid the chaos of hasty decisions and rash judgments that would come to haunt us like shadows of regret in the twilight of our own making. 

For in our quest for change, let us not become captives of our own impulsive errors, constructing a prison of discontent that could trap us in the future’s relentless grip.

Khalifa Sallah of PDOIS put it well when he admonished the voting Gambian populace to remember that the choices they make are ones they must be willing to live with. A vote is as sacred as a solemn oath, as binding as a covenant written in the stars. As such, each vote carries the weight of moral responsibility and the echo of future consequences, shaping the contours of our nation’s history.

As the 2026 elections draw near, we must be guided by the wisdom of Greek philosophy, particularly the teachings of Socrates, who championed the pursuit of virtue and the importance of informed decision-making. 

Just as Socrates urged the examination of one’s life and the pursuit of truth, we must scrutinize our political choices with a discerning eye and a commitment to integrity. The Athenian ideal of participatory democracy reminds us that our engagement should not be driven by fleeting passions or superficial appeals but by a thoughtful consideration of the common good.

In this crucial period, it is essential that we approach our electoral decisions with the philosophical rigour of Plato’s Republic, striving for a balance between the needs of the state and the ethical imperatives of justice and reason. 

We must foster a political environment where the pursuit of knowledge and the reflection upon the virtues of leadership become the foundation for our choices. Only through such an approach can we ensure that our democratic process remains a testament to our highest aspirations and enduring principles.

That said, let Barrow, our Arfang Burama of our time, continue his rule. We must remember that in the grand narrative of history, leaders come and go, each playing their part in the unfolding drama. In this tale of our time, Barrow is both hero and villain, saint and sinner, beloved and reviled. 

As we live through these chapters, we must strive for wisdom and justice, never losing our sense of humor or our commitment to democratic principles. For in the end, as in all great stories, it is the lessons learned and the actions taken by the people that shape the future.

Also, another take-home message for Barrow as he continues his tenure: he must remember that today’s cheers can quickly turn to jeers. It’s a tightrope walk in a circus where the stakes are high and the safety net is thin. The moral of this ongoing saga? In Gambian politics, as in life, the only constant is change, and the only certainty is that things will never be certain. 

But whether you love him or loathe him, Barrow is the man of the hour, certainly the indefatigable protagonist of our unfolding drama, and the show must go on. Have a blessed weekend in my journalist Sheriff Bojang’s, aka My Moniker is Reconciliation, voice. This is Arfang Madi Sillah, live and direct in Washington DC, in my Cham Lamin Cham of Champion sounds voice.

By Arfang Madi Sillah, 

Washington DC